Introduction: Using [18F]FDG-PET/CT for assessment of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) can be challenging due to physiological myocardial uptake.
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of our current combined preparation strategy on semi-quantitatively assessed myocardial suppression in patients with suspected CS.
Materials and Methods: Two groups were defined by fasting duration following a local protocol change in which the fasting period was extended from 12 to 18 hours. All patients followed a high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HFLC) diet for 24 hours. The 12-hour fasting group received unfractionated heparin (UFH) unless contraindicated, whereas the 18-hour fasting group received UFH only if it had been administered during prior examination. In total, 97 patients with suspected CS were included; 33 patients underwent both 12-hour and 18-hour preparation on subsequent scans. Physiological left ventricular uptake was assessed using a previously described standardized 6-point visual scoring system; (0, uptake less than ventricular blood pool; 1, uptake equal to ventricular blood pool; 2, uptake greater than blood pool but less than liver; 3, uptake equal to liver; 4, diffuse uptake greater than liver but less than twice liver uptake; 5, uptake greater than twice liver uptake).
Results: Myocardial FDG-uptake differed significantly between fasting protocols (p=0.006). Adequate suppression (visual score ≤2) was achieved in 89.1% of scans in the 18-hour fasting group, compared to 75.6% in the 12-hour fasting group, despite a significantly lower proportion of patients receiving UFH in the 18-hour group. Complete suppression (score ≤1) was observed in 84.8% and 73.2% of scans, respectively. Patients receiving heparin premedication had an independent odds ratio of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.23-1.04) for achieving a lower category of myocardial suppression.
Conclusions: Our cohort study demonstrates that 18-hour fasting prior [18F]FDG-PET/CT improves myocardial suppression in patients evaluated for suspected CS, resulting in higher rates of adequate and complete myocardial suppression, despite significantly less frequent use of UFH.