Outer epidermal edges mediate cell-cell adhesion for tissue integrity in plants
Stéphane Verger (Sweden)1 2; Özer Erguvan (Sweden)2; Adrien Heymans (Sweden)2; Asal Atakhani (Sweden)1; Elsa Gascon (France)3; Richard S. Smith (UK)4; Olivier Ali (France)3;
1 - Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; 2 - Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; 3 - Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, INRIA, F-69342, Lyon, 69364 Cedex 07, France.; 4 - Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK;
Keywords: Adhesion; Ultrastructure; Mechanics;
Abstract Topics: Theme 8: Cell Wall Mechanics and Biophysics
Type of Presentation: Oral Communication

Abstract text: Plant cell adhesion is traditionally attributed to the middle lamella, a thin pectin-rich layer between adjacent cell walls. Additional structures including plasmodesmata, the cuticle, and the edges of the middle lamella, have been hypothesized to contribute, yet their actual and respective mechanical contributions to tissue cohesion remain unknown. Here, we combined finite element modeling, ultrastructural imaging, and mechanical testing to show that outer epidermal cell edges, rather than the bulk of the middle lamella, are critical adhesion sites. These edges exhibit local wall thickening and retain maternal wall continuity across adjacent cells. These features provide load bearing strength and dissipate tensile stress, shielding the bulk of the middle lamella. Mutant analyses and mechanical assays confirm that weakening these edges initiates fracture and cell separation. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for how distinct wall subdomains contribute to tissue cohesion and redefine our understanding of cell adhesion in plants, highlighting the outer epidermal edge as a key adhesion domain essential for tissue integrity.